Medeor Hospital, Delhi

for Atrioventricular Fistula Treatment

Atrioventricular Fistula Treatment

This is a procedure used to correct abnormal connections between the atria and ventricles of one's heart. The surgery requires the deformity be repaired to ensure that the correct flow of blood in one’s heart is achieved.

Overview

We take the opportunity and pleasure to introduce to you, the healthcare facilities of “Medeor Group of Hospitals”. Medeor Hospitals is fully acquired by VPS Healthcare which is a UAE- based integrated healthcare conglomerate of more than 147 healthcare facilities and service providers comprising of 22 hospitals, 125 healthcare centres. Medeor Hospitals, a chain of multi-specialty hospitals strategically located at Delhi NCR, is well known for its excellence in the healthcare services. Medeor hospitals offers affordable services, integrates the best doctors, state of the art technology, supreme healthcare practices warm compassionate patient care to provide the ideal healing environment for its patients. Medeor has played a pioneering role in defining quality standards for the Indian Health Care Industry. These are the qualities that define the new face of healthcare worldwide i.e. Medeor Hospitals, Unit of VPS Healthcare.Medeor Hospital Qutub, Institutional unit is willing to offer him observership training in general surgery under its expert guidance.

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Procedures

Ophthalmology 14 procedures

Cataract Surgery

This is a procedure where the lens in one’s eye that has become cloudy (cataract) is removed and replaced with an artificial Len (called IOL or intraocular Len). Cataract is a condition that leads to loss of vision by clouding of one’s natural eye Len that lies behind the pupil and iris. It is performed by an ophthalmologist.

Detached Retina Treatment

The retinal detachment is an emergency condition where the pulls from the bold vessel that supply it with nutrients and oxygen. It’s accompanied by floaters (cobwebs or specks) and flashes in one's vision. If not fixed leads to blindness. The condition can be managed via various treatment modalities by an ophthalmologist. The notable procedures include vitrectomy, pneumatic retinopexy and scleral buckle procedure.

Eyelid Surgery

It is also known as blepharoplasty. It’s a surgical procedure meant to improve the appearance of one's eyelids. It can be performed on the lower lid, upper lids or both. It’s performed by plastic surgeons and helps correct deformities, disfigurations, and defects of the eyelids. It’s used to treat sagging or loose skin that creates a fold and disturb natural contour of the eye, remove fatty deposits that make ones eye puffy, remove bags below the eye, correct drooping lower lid and remove fine wrinkles and excess skins in lower lids.

Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) Treatment

Currently, there is no specific treatment for dry AMD, but the patient can slow their condition by taking minerals and vitamins daily. There are however the wet AMD can be managed with Anti-VEGF drugs which helps decrease the number of abnormal vessels in one’s eye. Laser surgery can also be used to manage it.

Cornea Transplant

This is corneal grafting. It is a surgical procedure where a person’s diseased or damaged cornea is replaced by a corneal tissue that is donated.

Artificial Iris Implantation

During this procedure, an artificial iris made from silicon is folded then inserted into an incision that has been made in the cornea. It is a cosmetic procedure. In it, the iris is adjusted and unfolded to cove one's natural iris. This implant is used to change the color of one’s eyes. It is also sued to treat coloboma or people whose iris have been damaged by traumatic injuries.

Amniotic Membrane Transplant

Amniotic Membrane can function as a temporary graft or a basement membrane substitute in the eye. The membrane has growth factors that promote wound healing. Also, it has anti-inflammatory and anti-scarring effects. AM has two functions, i.e., as a surgical graft and as a biological bandage. AMT is used in ophthalmology to reconstruct the conjunctiva and the cornea after scaring due to disease, acute burns, and corneal persistent epithelial defects.

Chalazion Treatment

A Chalazion is a painless benign nodule or bulge in the lower or upper eyelids. Conservatively, it is managed by lid hygiene and warm compress. Medically, topical or intralesional steroids can be used to minimize inflammation. This can cause regression of the lesion in few weeks. An ophthalmologist best performs surgery to remove the lesion.

Astigmatism Correction

This is type of refractive error in which the eyes don’t focus light evenly on the retina resulting in blurring of vision. It can also lead to night blindness, headaches and eyestrains. The condition is corrected with contact lenses, refractive surgery and eyeglasses.

Vitrectomy (Retinal Detachment Repair)

Retinal detachment repair is eye surgery to place a retina back into its normal position. The retina is the light-sensitive tissue in the back of the eye. Detachment means that it has pulled away from the layers of tissue around it. Most retinal detachment repair operations are urgent. A detached retina does not get a supply of oxygen. This causes the cells in the area to die, which can lead to blindness. If holes or tears in the retina are found before the retina detaches, the eye doctor can close the holes using a laser.

Ptosis (lazy eye)

Ptosis is a drooping or falling of the upper eyelid. The drooping may be worse after being awake longer when the individual's muscles are tired. This condition is sometimes called "lazy eye", but that term normally refers to the condition amblyopia.

Retinoblastoma

An eye cancer that begins in the back of the eye (retina), most commonly in children. Retinoblastoma may occur in one or both eyes. Retinoblastoma has few, if any, symptoms at first. It may be noticed if a pupil appears white when light is shone into the eye, sometimes with flash photography. Eyes may appear to be looking in different directions. Treatments include chemotherapy, radiation and laser therapy.

Strabismus (ocular misalignment)

Disorder in which the eyes don't look in exactly the same direction at the same time. Causes of strabismus can include nerve injury or dysfunction of the muscles controlling the eye. The main symptom is eyes that don't look in exactly the same direction at the same time. Crossed eyes can usually be corrected with early treatment. Several treatment options exist to align the eyes. They include special eye wear, use of an eye patch and rarely surgery.

Glaucoma

A group of eye conditions that can cause blindness. With all types of glaucoma, the nerve connecting the eye to the brain is damaged, usually due to high eye pressure. The most common type of glaucoma (open-angle glaucoma) often has no symptoms other than slow vision loss. Angle-closure glaucoma, although rare, is a medical emergency and its symptoms include eye pain with nausea and sudden visual disturbance. Treatment includes eye drops, medication and surgery.

Gastroenterology 25 procedures

Cholecystectomy

This is a surgical procedure used to remove the gallbladder i.e., pear- shaped organ below the right lobe of the liver where bile is stored. The gallbladder can be removed due to inflammation (cholecystitis), gallstones if it leads to pancreatitis, gallbladder cancer, and biliary colic. The procedure can either be open or laparoscopic. Laparoscopic surgery is minimally invasive and only performed by a laparoscopic surgeon. Currently, advanced laparoscopic surgeries use single incisions, a technique called single incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) or laparoendoscopic single site surgery.

Colonoscopy

This is an endoscopic procedure used to examine the colon (large intestine) and the Ileum (the distal sections of the small intestine) using a fiber optic camera or a CCD camera on a flexible tube that is passed via the anus. It helps in the diagnosis of ulcers (e.g., ulcerative colitis, Cohn’s disease), polyps (e.g., HNPCC) and removal or biopsy of suspected lesions of colorectal cancer. It is also used in screening for colorectal cancer. Currently, virtual colonoscopy which is virtually noninvasive is available and uses CT scans or MRI sand to reconstruct its images.

Endoscopy

It is a nonsurgical procedure done to examine a person’s gastrointestinal tract. A patient may be anesthetized or fully conscious during the process. It is used in the investigation of gastrointestinal symptoms, confirmation of diagnosis and for treatment purposes, e.g., widening and esophageal stricture. The most commonly performed endoscopic procedure is esophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD). Endoscopy is also used to examine the respiratory tract (rhinoscopy or bronchoscopy), the ear (otoscope), the urinary tract (cystoscopy) and female reproductive tract (gynoscopy). The technology is also available for use in pregnancy, plastic surgery, orthopedic surgery, endodontic surgeries, endoscopic spinal procedure and endoscopic endonasal surgeries.

Gallstones Treatment

Treatment of gallstones is based on one's symptoms and results of diagnostic procedures. The treatment options include cholecystectomy (surgery to remove the gallbladder) and drugs meant to dissolve the stones.

Liver Transplant (Living Related Donor)

This is the replacement of a diseased liver with a healthy one from a relative.it is recommended as a treatment for an end-stage liver disease or liver failure. The donor and recipient will have to undergo DNA analysis to ensure they are a close match before the procedure is done to minimize the risk of graft rejection.

Colostomy

This is a surgical procedure where a stoma is created by dragging a healthy end of the large bowel via an incision in the anterior wall of the abdomen then sutured into place. There are several techniques of colostomy, i.e., wind colostomy, loop colostomy and double barrel colostomy.

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

This is a technique that combines the use of fluoroscopy and endoscopy to diagnose and treat pancreatic and biliary ductal systems conditions like bile stones.

Gastroscopy

This is a diagnostic endoscopic procedure. In the process, a flexible thin tube, i.e., an endoscope is inserted into the gullet, stomach, and the duodenum. The endoscope has a camera at its end. The most commonly used terms in hospitals to refer to the procedure are upper GI endoscopy and esophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD).

Gastroenterology Consultation

A gastroenterologist is a physician that has unique training and experience in the management of liver and gastrointestinal diseases. In a Gastroenterology Consultation, the doctor will examine the patient’s abdomen, possibly do an endoscopic procedure, order appropriate investigations on the patient’s and formulate or review the patient's treatment plan.

Gastrointestinal Perforation Repair

This is a procedure done to repair a hole in the gastrointestinal tract. It is performed during an exploratory laparotomy where the hole is looked for and the damaged area corrected.

Liver Transarterial Chemo Embolization (TACE)

This is a procedure done to manage liver cancer. Embolization is a procedure that slows or blocks the blood supply for an organ or tissue. In this case, it is used to block the blood supply to a live tumor so that that cancer cells can die. Chemoembolization is when the embolization material is used to deliver chemotherapy. Liver TACE, hepatic atrial blood supply to the tumor is blocked.

Liver Biopsy

This is biopsy taken form the liver. It is a medical procedure that is done to diagnose, assess severity or monitor response to treatment of liver diseases.

Esophageal Cancer Surgery

This is a procedure done to treat cancer of the esophagus. The diseased area is resected. It is commonly done to manage earl stage (stage 1 and 2) esophageal cancer. It can be combine with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Surgical options available included minimally invasive esophagectomy, open esophagectomy, and endoscopic mucosal resection.

Intra-Abdominal Adhesions Surgery

Adhesion are complications of radiation therapy, inflammatory processes and abdomino-pelvic surgeries. These adhesions can cause infertility, intestinal obstructions, chronic pelvic pain, and dyspareunia. These surgery is meat to manage these effects of adhesions so as to improve the patients overall quality of life.

Bile Duct Cancer Surgery

This is a procedure done to manage cancers of the distal and perihiler bile ducts. The surgery removes the bile duct and all the sentinel lymph nodes, along with sections of the liver, pancreas, gallbladder, and small bowel depending on the patient disease statue.

Choledochotomy

This is a surgical procedure done to in which the common bile duct is to looks for an remove bile stone within it. It can be done as a laparoscopic operation or an open procedure.

Capsule Endoscopy

Capsule endoscopy is a procedure that uses a tiny wireless camera to take pictures of your digestive tract. A capsule endoscopy camera sits inside a vitamin-size capsule you swallow. As the capsule travels through your digestive tract, the camera takes thousands of pictures that are transmitted to a recorder you wear on a belt around your waist. Capsule endoscopy helps doctors see inside your small intestine — an area that isn't easily reached with more-traditional endoscopy procedures. Traditional endoscopy involves passing a long, flexible tube equipped with a video camera down your throat or through your rectum.

Cystogastroctomy

Cystogastrostomy is a surgery to create an opening between a pancreatic pseudocyst and the stomach when the cyst is in a suitable position to be drained into the stomach. This conserves pancreatic juices that would otherwise be lost. This surgery is performed by a GI surgeon to avoid a life-threatening rupture of the pancreatic pseudocyst.

Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is an advanced surgical procedure using endoscopy to remove gastrointestinal tumors that have not entered the muscle layer. ESD may be done in the esophagus, stomach or colon. Application of endoscopic resection (ER) to gastrointestinal (GI) neoplasms is limited to lesions with no risk of nodal metastasis. Either polypectomy or endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is beneficial for patients because of its low level of invasiveness. However, to ensure the curative potential of these treatment modalities, accurate histopathologic assessment of the resected specimens is essential because the depth of invasion and lymphovascular infiltration of the tumor is associated with considerable risk for lymph node metastasis. For accurate assessment of the appropriateness of the therapy, en bloc resection is more desirable than piecemeal resection. For a reliable en bloc resection of GI neoplasms, a new method of ER called endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has been developed.

Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy (EUS-FNA)

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (EUS-FNA) is currently performed on a routine basis at many endoscopic centers and it is evident that this procedure has a major impact on the therapeutic management of patients by obtaining a definite tissue diagnosis from lesions outlined by endosonography.

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) Placement

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a method of placing a tube into the stomach percutaneously, aided by endoscopy.

Esophageal Manometry

Esophageal manometry is a test to measure how well the esophagus is working. During esophageal manometry, a thin, pressure-sensitive tube is passed through your nose, down the esophagus, and into your stomach. Before the procedure, you receive numbing medicine inside the nose. This helps make the insertion of the tube less uncomfortable. After the tube is in the stomach, the tube is pulled slowly back into your esophagus. At this time, you are asked to swallow. The pressure of the muscle contractions is measured along several sections of the tube. While the tube is in place, other studies of your esophagus may be done. The tube is removed after the tests are completed. The test takes about 1 hour.

Biofeedback

During a biofeedback session, electrodes are attached to your skin. Finger sensors can also be used. These electrodes/sensors send signals to a monitor, which displays a sound, flash of light, or image that represents your heart and breathing rate, blood pressure, skin temperature, sweating, or muscle activity. When you're under stress, these functions change. Your heart rate speeds up, your muscles tighten, your blood pressure rises, you start to sweat, and your breathing quickens. You can see these stress responses as they happen on the monitor, and then get immediate feedback as you try to stop them. Biofeedback sessions are typically done in a therapist's office, but there are computer programs that connect the biofeedback sensor to your own computer. A biofeedback therapist helps you practice relaxation exercises, which you fine-tune to control different body functions. For example, you might use a relaxation technique to turn down the brainwaves that activate when you have a headache

Liver Transplant (ABO Incompatible transplant)

This is the replacement of a diseased liver with a healthy one from a relative.it is recommended as a treatment for an end-stage liver disease or liver failure. ABO-incompatible (ABOi) transplantation is a method of allocation in organ transplantation that permits more efficient use of available organs regardless of ABO blood type

Liver Cirrhosis Treatment

Hepatitis and chronic alcohol abuse are frequent causes. Liver damage caused by cirrhosis can't be undone, but further damage can be limited. Initially patients may experience fatigue, weakness and weight loss. During later stages, patients may develop jaundice (yellowing of the skin), gastrointestinal bleeding, abdominal swelling and confusion. Treatments focus on the underlying cause. In advanced cases, a liver transplant may be required.

Cardiology 22 procedures

Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) Closure

An ASD is a congenital heart defect in the atrial septum that results in leakage oxygen-rich blood from left atrium to the right atrium. This increases the work of workload of the right side of the heart and if not corrected early can lead to heart failure. The defect if small can be corrected by cardiac catheterization usually by a pediatric cardiologist. A large defect often needs open heart procedures.

Cardiac Assessment

This is the systematic examination of a patient’s cardiovascular system with the aim of diagnosing cardiovascular problems. The assessment encompasses taking a comprehensive history of a patient, carrying out a thorough physical examination of a patient and finally doing investigations such as electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, central venous pressure, etc.

Coronary Angiogram

It is a type of cardiac catheterization procedure. It is performed for both interventional and diagnostic purposes. In this procedure, a dye that is radiopaque is injected into the blood vessels of one’s heart. An X-ray machine is then used to take serial images (angiograms) that give a picture of how the blood vessels are. Based on the finding, an interventional cardiologist will open the clogged vessels (angioplasty).

Coronary Angioplasty

Also known as percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) Thais is a procedure that is used to widen narrowed or blocked coronary arteries. The procedure is carried out by an interventional cardiologist. When combined with stenting, it is referred to as percutaneous coronary intervention. Is should be done within thirty minutes to 2 hours after a having a cardiac event.

Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) Surgery

Also referred to as colloquially heart bypass or bypass surgery or coronary artery bypass surgery. It is an operation done restore normal blood flow to obstructed coronary vessels hence used to manage coronary heart disease. The surgery has two main approaches, i.e., diversion of the internal thoracic artery to the left anterior descending artery in the left coronary vessel and using the great saphenous vein to create a connection between the aorta or its branch to the obstructed artery distance to the obstruction.

Cardiology Consultation

This is a hospital checkup and review by a qualified cardiologist. It involves patient assessment, treatment planning, diagnosis and cardiac interventions.

Bentall Procedure

This is a cardiothoracic operation that involves the replacement of a composite graft of the aortic root, ascending aorta and the aortic valve with implantation of coronary arteries into the graft.

Cardiac CT

This is a painless imaging modality that uses x-rays to take detailed images of one’s heart and its blood vessels. It may or may not be done with intravenous contrast agents. The modern multidetector CT (MDCT) is highly sensitive.

Atrioventricular Fistula Treatment

This is a procedure used to correct abnormal connections between the atria and ventricles of one's heart. The surgery requires the deformity be repaired to ensure that the correct flow of blood in one’s heart is achieved.

Aortic Valve Repair

This is a procedure done to repair or replace aortic valves damaged by disease. Aortic valves are one of the four heart valves that help regulate the flow of blood in the heart. The surgeon will remove the damaged valves and replace them with a prosthetic one which is then screwed into place. The valves can be mechanical (made of artificial materials like carbon) or biological, i.e., from animal or human tissue.

Atrioventricular Septal Defect (AVSD) Treatment

Atrioventricular Septal Defect is a congenital malformation of the heart that allows the mixing of blood from the right and left sides of the heart. It can be due to the absence of the persistence of fetal interatrial foramen or the complete absence of part or whole of the septum. The management of the condition is surgical.

Aortopulmonary Window Repair

Aortopulmonary Window is a rare defect of the heart in which there is a hole connecting the aorta and the pulmonary artery abs a result failure of the conotructal ridges to fuse. As spontaneous closure does not occur, once a diagnosis is made, Aortopulmonary Window Repair surgery is the only solution.

24 Hour Blood Pressure Monitoring

This allows a patient’s blood pressure to be measured at regular intervals (20-30 minutes) over a 24 hour period, whether the patient is asleep or awake. The BP will be measure as one goes about the activities of his daily life. It helps to detect masked hypertension, sustained hypertension and white coat hypertensions. It is also good in situations like BP change due to medication, pregnancy related hypertension, borderline hypertension, fainting episodes and when it is difficult to control BP with drugs.

Heart Transplant

Heart Transplant surgery is done to replace a damaged heart with a healthy, working heart that is taken from an ‘organ donor’ who has recently died. However, in very rare cases, the diseased heart is kept in its place to support the donated heart, instead of being removed. Heart transplant is used as a last resort when all the other cardiac treatments fail to improve the health of the patient.

Minimally Invasive (Key hole) Bypass Surgery

Minimally Invasive Direct Coronary Artery Bypass is a surgical treatment for coronary heart disease that is a less invasive method of coronary artery bypass surgery, without the need to opening chest.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)

An enlargement of the aorta, the main blood vessel that delivers blood to the body, at the level of the abdomen. An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) can be life-threatening if it bursts. Abdominal aortic aneurysms are most common in older men and smokers.

Radio frequency (RF) Ablation heart rhythm correction

Catheter ablation is a procedure that uses radiofrequency energy (similar to microwave heat) to destroy a small area of heart tissue that is causing rapid and irregular heartbeats. Destroying this tissue helps restore your heart's regular rhythm.

Permanent Pacemaker Implant (Double Chamber)

A pacemaker is a medical device that generates electrical impulses delivered by electrodes to contract the heart muscles and regulate the electrical conduction system of the heart. A pacemaker consists of a small, battery-powered generator and one or more leads. In a single-chamber system, one lead is used, most commonly pacing the right ventricle. Dual-chamber pacemakers have two leads, placed in the right atrium and right ventricle.

Permanent Pacemaker Implant (Single Chamber)

A pacemaker is a medical device that generates electrical impulses delivered by electrodes to contract the heart muscles and regulate the electrical conduction system of the heart. Single-chamber pacemaker - With this device, 1 pacing lead is implanted in the right atrium or ventricle.

Mitral & Aortic Valve Replacement (AVR MVR)

Valve replacement surgery is the replacement of one or more of the heart valves with either an artificial heart valve or a bioprosthesis. It is an alternative to valve repair.

Minimally Invasive Valve Replacement (AVR MVR)

Valve replacement surgery is the replacement of one or more of the heart valves with either an artificial heart valve or a bioprosthesis. It is an alternative to valve repair. Benefits of minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS) have been well recognized when compared with a standard median sternotomy, in terms of blood loss reduction, lower morbidity, shorter intensive care unit and in-hospital stay.

Double valve replacement (DVR including two valves)

A double valve replacement is a replacement of both the mitral and the aortic valve, or the entire left side of the heart. This type of surgery is not as common as the others and the mortality rate is slightly higher.

Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) 18 procedures

Adenoidectomy

This is a surgical procedure used to remove the adenoids (lymphoid tissue in the nasopharynx) when they are enlarged hence causing recurrent earache, chronic infections or impaired breathing via the nose. It is performed by an otolaryngologist.

Cochlear Implant

This is an electronic gadget (device) used to replace the functions of the inner ear when it is damaged. The implant does the work of the Cochlear by generating sound signals for the brain. It is thus useful in persons with profound or moderate hearing loss bilaterally. The device helps one to her better. Cochlear implant surgery is done by ENT Surgeon.

Laryngeal Surgery

These are surgeries done on the larynx to remove various pathologies such as laryngeal cancer, laryngeal papilloma, laryngeal granulomas, etc. Total laryngectomy (open) is the complete removal of the larynx while partial is incomplete removal. This normally depends on the location and stage of cancer. Endoscopic laryngeal surgeries are getting common. Microlaryngeal surgeries are used to operate on one's vocal cord. Laser surgery is a recent addition.

Audiometry

It is a test done to test one’s ability to perceive sound. The machine used to do the test is called an audiometer. It measures ones hearing acuity based on variations in sound tone, pitch, and intensity. It helps grade conduction deafness and rules out sensorineural hearing loss.

Laryngectomy

This is the surgical removal of the larynx and then separating it from the nose, esophagus and the moth. It can be total or partial. In total, the entire larynx is removed while in partial, only a portion is exercised. It is commonly used in the treatment of laryngeal cancers. It is a procedure performed by ENT surgeons.

Sleep Apnea Surgery

This surgery is only done when other treatment modalities are exhausted. The list of surgical options that can be done to treat sleep apnea includes: tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy, tracheostomy, radiofrequency ablation, maxilla-mandibular advancement, palatal surgery, bariatric surgery, nerve stimulation and uvulopalatopharyngoplasty.

Thyroidectomy

This is the surgical removal of part or whole of the thyroid tissue. The Parathyroid gland is usually preserved. It can be partial thyroidectomy where part of the thyroid is preserved, or it can be total thyroidectomy where the whole of the thyroid tissue is removed. It is commonly indicated for lived conditions like goiter, thyroid malignancies, etc.

Laryngoscopy

This is the endoscopic examination of the larynx and the back of the throat. The larynx is part of the throat. The procedure is carried out ear nose and throat specialists. There are two types of laryngoscopy procedures, i.e., direct laryngoscopy and indirect laryngoscopy.

Myringoplasty

This is a procedure done to correct perforation in the pars tensa of the eardrum. When the procedure is combined with the reconstruction of the ear ossicles, the procedure is termed tympanoplasty. The operation is normally done while the patient is lying supine with the face turned to one side such that the side being operated lies upward. The procedure is carried out otolaryngologists. There are two major techniques currently being used, i.e., the overlay technique and the underlying technique.

Ossicular Chain Reconstruction

This is a procedure done to treat conductive deafness. It sis a middle ear procedure that is performed by otolaryngologists. Damage middle ear bones i.e. stapes, malleus and incus can be replaced in the process.

Septoplasty

This is a procedure done to straighten the nasal septum that lies between the two nasal septums. The submucous septum is resected and reconstructed. It is done to correct a nasal septum that deviates.

Tympanoplasty

This is a surgical operation done to reconstructs the eardrum or the middle ear bones. There are five type of Tympanoplasty procedures i.e. type l to type V Tympanoplasty procedures.

Neck Dissection

This is a surgical procedure in which the fibrofatty content of the neck is removed as a treatment for metastasis to the cervical lymph nodes. Head and neck malignances commonly metastasize to the cervical lymph nodes. There are various surgical options available i.e. radical neck dissection, modified radical neck dissection, selective neck dissection and extended radical neck dissection.

Glossectomy

This is the surgical removal of part or whole of the tongue. It is done to manage malignant tumors like oral cancers.

Facial Nerve Paralysis - Nerve Repair

Dynamic and static reconstruction procedures are employed for facial reanimation in patients suffering from facial nerve paralysis. However, dynamic strategies tend to be more successful and fruitful and should be offered to each patient considering reconstruction, unless health risk contraindications exist. The most common approaches for reconstruction are direct facial nerve repair with or without grafting, nerve transfer, cross-facial nerve grafting, and muscle transfer (either regional muscle or free-muscle neurotized transfer)

Mastoidectomy

A mastoidectomy is surgery to remove cells in the hollow, air-filled spaces in the skull behind the ear. These cells are called mastoid air cells. This surgery used to be a common way to treat an infection in mastoid air cells. In most cases, the condition was caused by an ear infection that spread to the bone in the skull. Mastoidectomy may be used to treat colesteatoma, complications of an ear infection (otitis media), infections of the mastoid bone that do not get better with antibiotics and to place a cochlear implant

Tonsillectomy

Tonsillectomy is a surgical procedure in which both palatine tonsils are removed from a recess in the side of the pharynx called the tonsillar fossa.

Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS)

Functional endoscopic sinus surgery is a minimally invasive surgical treatment which uses nasal endoscopes to enlarge the nasal drainage pathways of the paranasal sinuses to improve sinus ventilation.

Gynecology 23 procedures

Cervical Polyp Removal

Cervical polyps are figure –shaped, red smooth growths in one's cervix. They commonly present as abnormal per vaginal bleed. They occur in multiparous women after the age of 20. They are diagnosed during a pelvic exam. There are removed surgically by gently twisting then tying its base before removing via special forceps. A solution then applied to stop any bleed.

Endometrial Ablation

This is a procedure where the gynecologist surgical destroys the uterine endometrium. Various tools are utilized during the procedure. These may include heated fluid, high energy radio frequencies, extreme cold and microwave energy. Goal is to treat abnormal uterine bleeding by reducing one's menstrual flow.

Gynecologic Laparoscopy

It is a new alternative technique to open surgeries. It allows a surgeon to look into one's pelvis. It can be sued to remove adhesions, manage ectopic pregnancies, manage ovarian cysts, hysterectomy, oophorectomy, and myomectomy, do female sterilization (tubal ligation), diagnose & treat endometriosis and cancer investigation and lymph node sampling in cancer treatment.

Antenatal Care (ANC)

This is a type of preventive health care that aims at providing expectant mothers regular checkups to prevent and treat potential health care problems in the course of pregnancy while at the same time creating awareness on healthy living for the benefit of child and mother.

Bartholin's Cyst Treatment

This is a fluid-filled cyst (swelling) of the Bartholin gland. Treatment involves surgical drainage, warm baths, and antibiotics. Marsupialization can often be done to deal with the problem permanently.

Cervical Cautery

This is a procedure used to get rid of abnormal (precancerous or cancerous) cells in a woman’s cervix. It is performed by a gynecologist using electricity, corrosive material, laser, heat or cold. Commonly used methods involve cryocauterization or electrocoagulation.

Amniocentesis

This is a medical procedure used perinatal to diagnoses fetal infections and chromosomal abnormalities and also determine the sex of a child. A small amount of amniotic fluid that contains fetal tissues is samples from the amniotic sac containing the fetus then DNA analysis is done.

Breast Biopsy

This is a procedure used to obtain a sample of a tumor in the breast for purposes of laboratory and histological analysis. Various breast sampling techniques are available, e.g., FNA, incisional biopsy, excisional biopsy, and core biopsy.

Cervical Cerclage

This is a treatment for cervical insufficiency or incompetence where the cervix shortens and open too early in a pregnancy leading to a pregnancy loss (preterm birth or miscarriage). The most commonly done cervical Cerclage technique is MacDonald’s stitch.

Cervical Biopsy

This is a surgical; procedure where a small amount of tissue is taken out from the cervix. The sample collected is taken to the laboratory for histological analysis to determine whether there is cancer and if present, which type. It is commonly done after abnormalities are detected in a Pap smear or routine pelvic exam including VIA/VILI. There are three types of biopsies, i.e., cone biopsy, endocervical curettage and punch biopsy.

Pelvic Adhesiolysis

Adhesions are scar tissue bands that form between organs in the body. They form as parts of the body’s natural repair mechanisms respond to tissues disturbances like infections, surgery, radiation, pathologies or trauma. Adhesiolysis is a surgery meant to remove these adhesions so that normal organ functions and anatomy is restored and pain relieved. They are managed via laparoscopic or open surgical procedures.

Breast Exam

This is the clinical examination of one's breasts by medical practitioners to check them for any abnormalities. The physical exam is done by the health professional during one's routine medical checkup or when someone has complications related to breast. The exam should only be carried out by a professional trained in breast exam techniques. The results will be complemented either by mammograms or breast ultrasound.

Myomectomy

This is the surgical removal of uterine fibroids especially symptomatic ones. The procedure aims to conserve the uterus for possible future deliveries.

Ectopic Pregnancy Surgery

This is an emergency exploratory laparotomy surgical procedure done to manage a raptured ectopic pregnancy. Ectopic pregnancies are extra uterine pregnancies.

Hysterectomy

This is the surgical removal of the uterus. It is a procedure done by gynecologists. It can either be total (where the entire uterus, fallopian tubes, cervix and upper third of vagina is resected) or partial. The option depend upon the patient choice and the indication for the operation.

Microdochectomy

This is a surgical procedure done to remove a portion of the lactiferous duct. It is the standard treatment for nipple discharges that arise from a single duct. The procedure can be done under guidance of a ductoscope.

Uterine Artery Embolization (UAE)

This is a procedure that is performed by interventional radiologist. A catheter is used to deliver small particles that then block uterine body blood supply. Common indications include adenomyosis and uterine fibroids.

Hysteroscopy

Hysteroscopy gets its name from the thin, lighted tool used to view the womb, called a hysteroscope. This tool sends images of the inside of the womb to a video monitor. Before the procedure, you will be given medicine to help you relax and block pain. Sometimes, medicine is given to help you fall asleep. During the procedure the provider places the scope through the vagina and cervix, into the womb, gas or fluid may be placed into the womb so it expands. This helps the provider see the area better and pictures of the womb can be seen on the video screen.

Laparoscopic Myomectomy

Laparoscopic Myomectomy uses a small telescope placed through the belly button along with several small instruments to remove fibroids from the uterus. The technique of actually removing the fibroid from the uterus is similar to that of an abdominal myomectomy except we use small instruments placed through the abdominal wall. Once the fibroid is freed from the uterus it needs to be removed from the abdomen. In order to remove a large fibroid from a small incision we use an instrument called a morcellator, to cut it into pieces small enough to be removed through the small incisions.

Abdominal Myomectomy

Also known as an "open" myomectomy, an abdominal myomectomy is a major surgical procedure. It involves making an incision through the skin on the lower abdomen, known as a "bikini cut," and removing the fibroids from the wall of the uterus. The uterine muscle is then sewn back together using several layers of stitches. You will be asleep during the procedure. Blood loss during the surgery may require a blood transfusion. Some women store their blood before the operation in order to receive their own blood rather than blood from the blood bank. Most women spend two nights in the hospital and four to six weeks recovering at home. After the procedure, you will have a four-inch horizontal scar near your pubic hair or "bikini" line.

Hysteroscopic Myomectomy

Hysteroscopic myomectomy is a technique that can be performed only if fibroids are within or bulging into the uterine cavity (submucosal). This procedure is performed without any incisions and virtually no postoperative discomfort. Anesthesia is needed because the surgery may take one to two hours and would otherwise be uncomfortable. A small telescope, the hysteroscope, is passed through the cervix and the inside of the uterine cavity can be seen. A small camera is attached to the telescope and the view is projected on a video monitor. This magnifies the picture and also allows the physician to perform the surgery while sitting in a comfortable position.

Ovarian Cyst Removal

Ovarian Cyst Removal is a surgery to withdraw cysts (a sac filled with fluid) from one or both of your ovaries. The surgery can be performed as Laparoscopic Surgery or Open Surgery. Most of the surgeons and patients prefer laparoscopic method, nowadays.

Laparoscopic Hysterectomy

A laparoscopic hysterectomy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure to remove the uterus. A small incision is made in the navel through which a tiny camera is inserted. The surgeon watches the image from this camera on a TV monitor while performing the procedure.

Neurosurgery 12 procedures

Craniotomy

These are a surgical procedure where bone flaps are temporarily removed from the skull to give access to the brain. The bone flaps are created by specialized tools. Sometimes it’s done under the guidance of CT scans or MRI scans to localize the areas of treatment (stereotactic Craniotomy). A craniotomy is used in stereotactic biopsy of the brain, stereotactic radiosurgery & stereotactic aspiration of hematomas, cysts or abscesses. A craniotomy is also useful in aneurysmal clipping and removal of brain tumors. Are of various types, i.e., translabarynthine Craniotomy, retro-sigmoid Craniotomy, extended bifrontal Craniotomy and supra-orbital Craniotomy.

Peripheral Nerve Surgery

This is practiced by surgeons from various backgrounds with expertise in plastic and reconstructive surgery, neurology, pain medicine, and orthopedics hence the need for a multidisciplinary care. The surgeries included entrapment neuropathies, nerve sheath tumors like schwannomas and acute nerve injuries.

Subdural Hematoma (SDH) Surgery

SDH is an intracranial hemorrhage that takes place beneath the meningeal Dura matter and may be associated with other traumatic brain injuries. They can be spontaneous, iatrogenic like from lumbar punctures or traumatic. SDH can be acute or chronic. SDH surgery involves a craniotomy to decompress brain tissue, stop active bleeding and possibly evacuate the hematoma.

Brain Aneurysm Repair

This is an endovascular surgical procedure. A catheter is usually guided via a small cut in one's groin to an artery and then passed through the vessel to the brain where an aneurysm is situated. Alternatively, the surgery can be performed alongside open craniotomy.

Brain Tumor Surgery

Surgery is the common modality for managing many malignant and most benign tumors. The operation is performed by a neurosurgeon. It helps relieve seizures, remove tumors, take biopsies and enable chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Common techniques used include craniotomy, craniotomy, partial or complete removal, shunting, transsphenoidal surgery, LITT, etc.

Cranioplasty

This is the surgical repair of a deformity or defect in the skull. The defect is normally as a result of a previous injury or surgery. It might also be a congenital defect. The surgery is performed for cosmetic reasons and patient psychological wellbeing.

Chiari Malformation Treatment

Chiari Malformation is a condition in which tissues of the brain protrude into the spinal canal via the foramen magnum. This can lead to hydrocephalus or syringomyelia. Treatment involves monitoring of the condition and surgery. Surgical procedures done include Decompressive craniectomy & laminectomy.

Brachial Plexus Injury Treatment

An operation to correct brachial plexus injuries should be performed within 6-7 months the injury as, beyond this period, the prognosis is poor. Teat such as MRI, CT, nerve conduction studies and electromyogram are usually done to determine the extent of the injury. Treatment can either be surgically or non-surgical, i.e., occupational therapy or physiotherapy or splinting /orthosis.

Epilepsy Surgery

This is a procedure done to treat epilepsy in order to reduce or stop the seizures. There are different types of epilepsy surgical procedure. This includes removal of the area in the brain causing this seizures or separating the part of the brain causing these tumors from the rest.

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) Surgery

This is a surgical procedure that is done to implant a device that send electrical stimulus signals to brain regions responsible for body movement. Electrode is placed deep in the brain and then connected to a stimulating device. DBS helps remove symptoms of slowness of movement, tremor, walking problems and stiffness that is caused by dystonia, essential tremor or Parkinsonism disease.

Skull Base Surgery

This is minimally invasive, highly specialized neurosurgical technique for diagnosis, evaluating and treating cancerous or benign growths located on the base of the skull, the upper vertebrae of the spine and the underside of the brain.

VP Shunt Surgery

VP shunting is a surgical procedure that primarily treats a condition called hydrocephalus. This condition occurs when excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collects in the brain's ventricles. CSF cushions your brain and protects it from injury inside your skull.

Oncology 32 procedures

Breast Cancer Treatment

Treatment of breast cancer depends on the stage. The treatment may involve radiotherapy, surgery or medications. The types of surgeries used included mastectomy (radical mastectomy or simple mastectomy, modified radical mastectomy, patery modified radical mastectomy), breast-conserving surgery, lumpectomy and lymph node dissection. Medical therapy involves chemotherapy for breast cancer or systemic hormonal therapy like tamoxifen.

Cervical Cancer Treatment

Treatment of cervical cancer depends on the stage though other factors like the site of the tumor, ones desire for children, overall health, age, and type of cancer. While in stage 0 (CIS), the condition can be managed by loop electrosurgical procedure, simple hysterectomy, cone biopsy, cryotherapy and laser therapy. At stage 1a, cone biopsy is preferred. At stage 1A2, cone biopsy or radical trachelectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection is preferred, but for those who don’t desire fertility, EBRT and radical hysterectomy are desirable. At stage 1B and 2A, surgery and radiation or concurrent chemoradiation are desirable. At stage 2B, 3 and 4A chemo-radiation is used. At stage 4B, chemo-radiotherapy to try to slow down the tumor.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy is the use of drugs to treat diseases. But in medicine, it is commonly used when referring to the medical treatment of cancer that utilizes one or more antineoplastic medications as part of a standardized chemotherapeutic regimen. They are given with the intent to reduce symptoms, prolong life or cure cancer. Each cancer has a specific regiment that has been prepared for its management. Medical oncologists administrate chemotherapeutic regiment.

Acute Leukemia Treatment

The statement of acute leukemia depends on the subtype of leukemia. Treatment empathizes long-term cemetery with antineoplastic drugs. Various combination of chemotherapeutic agents has been developed for various leukemias. Oncologist use chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy and stem cell transplant.

Brachytherapy

Its a kind of radiotherapy where a sealed source of radiation is next to or inside the place needing treatment. A radioactive material is placed inside the body hence sometimes referred to as internal radiation. It is used in the management of cancer of the prostate, skin, cervical and breast and other tumors in the body. It can be used together with chemotherapy, surgery or EBRT.

Bladder Cancer Treatment

Medical and surgical modalities are used treatment of bladder cancer. The surgery done is either partial or complete Cystectomy. This involves partial or complete removal of the bladder. Medical therapy includes chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

Cancer Screening

The goal of this exercise is to detect cancers before their symptoms manifest. The test encompasses medical imaging, blood tests, urinalysis and other tests. It is common knowledge that the benefit of having a cancer screen done outweighs outweigh anybody harm that may result from the process. When cancerous tissues are detected early, they are easy to cure or treat. The most common cancers that are routinely screened are breast, colon, oral, prostate, pancreatic, lung, bowel and cervical cancers.

Whipple Procedure

Whipple Procedure also known as kaush-Whipple Procedure, pancretoduodectopmy, pancreaticoduodenectomy is a major surgical procedure dome to remove cancer of head of pancreas. It involves the removal of the common bile duct, the gallbladder, the duodenum and portions of the stomach.

Chronic Leukemia Treatment

The treatment of chronic leukemia depend on a person’s age, reason for treatment, disease risk group, stage of cancer, signs and symptoms of disease, patient preference and overall health. Treatment options included targeted drug therapy, chemotherapy, bone marrow transplant, and immunotherapy.

Glioblastoma Treatment

Glioblastoma (Glioblastoma multiform) is a malignant tumor that affects the spinal cord and the brain. It is usually quite aggressive hence can spread quickly and grow fast. Treatment includes radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgery (craniotomy and radiosurgery).

Laryngeal Cancer Treatment

Laryngeal Cancer is a condition which cancerous cells form from larynx tissues. The most common presentation include ear pain and sore throat. Laryngectomy (total) in addition to thyroidectomy and nodal removal followed by radiotherapy is the most common mode of treatment.

Cancer Staging

Staging is the process used to find out the amount of cancer in the body and their locations. The information is used by doctors to formulate the patient treatment plan and to determine their prognosis. There are four different ways staging is done i.e. pathological staging, post-neoadjuvanat or post-therapy staging, clinical staging and restaging (done when cancer recurs after treatment). The four factors used in staging include: site of primary tumor, the tumor size, the involvement of lymph nodes and metastases. Tests done to enable staging process include imaging tests, pathological tests, surgical reports, laboratory tests and physical examination.

CyberKnife Treatment

This is a non-invasive treatment for benign and malignant tumors and other conditions that need radiotherapy. It is a flameless radiosurgery robotic system that uses targeted radiation to destroy tumor in the body. It is designed to minimize the exposure of healthy tissues and organs to radiation. It is pain free, does not need hospitalization or general anesthesia, spare healthy tissues, non-invasive and one only need one to five sessions to complete treatment.

Head and Neck Cancer Treatment (Throat Cancer)

Treatment of head and neck malignancies depend on the type and stage of the tumor. Treatment modalities used in the management of these malignancies included radiotherapy, surgery and chemotherapy. Surgical options included laser technology, excision, neck dissection or lymph node dissection, and reconstructive surgery. Target therapy is available.

High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU)

This is a new medical technology that is under development and can be used to treat a wide range of disorderds.it is a treatment modality that aims to kill cancerous cells using high frequency sound waves. It is only useful in the management of a single tumor or a section of a larger tumor hence not useful for highly malignant cancers.

Adrenal Cancer Treatment

Treatment of adrenal cancer depend on the stage. Stage 1 and two are treated surgically which may be combined with radiotherapy or mitotane administration. Stage 3 is treated surgically. This may be preceded by adjuvant radiotherapy or mitotane. For stage 4, a debulking surgery is done followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

Bile Duct Cancer Treatment

Treatment of this condition depend on the stage. Medical procedure used included chemotherapy, transarterial chemoembolization, ERCP and radiotherapy. Surgical options available include hepatectomy and pancreatic tumor removal surgery.

Lymph Node Biopsy

A lymph node biopsy is the removal of lymph node tissue for examination under a microscope. The lymph nodes are small glands that make white blood cells (lymphocytes), which fight infection. Lymph nodes may trap the germs that are causing an infection. Cancer often spreads to lymph nodes. A lymph node biopsy is done in an operating room in a hospital. Or, it is done at an outpatient surgical center.

Blood Cancer Treatment (Leukemia)

Leukaemia is cancer of blood-forming tissues, including bone marrow. Many types exist such as acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, acute myeloid leukaemia and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.

Bone Cancer Treatment

Signs and symptoms of bone cancer include Bone pain, Swelling and tenderness near the affected area, Weakened bone, leading to fracture, Fatigue, Unintended weight loss.

Liver cancer Treatment (hepatic cancer)

Cancer that begins in the cells of the liver. Symptoms are uncommon in the early stages of liver cancer. Later, symptoms may include weight loss, stomach pain, vomiting and yellowed skin.

Lung Cancer Treatment

A cancer that begins in the lungs and most often occurs in people who smoke. Two major types of lung cancer are non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer. Causes of lung cancer include smoking, second-hand smoke, exposure to certain toxins and family history.

Prostate Cancer Treatment (prostatic carcinoma)

A cancer in a man's prostate, a small walnut-sized gland that produces seminal fluid. A man's prostate produces the seminal fluid that nourishes and transports sperm. Symptoms include difficulty with urination, but sometimes there are no symptoms at all.

Mouth Cancer Treatment (Oral cancer)

Cancer that develops in any part of the mouth. Risk factors include tobacco use, heavy alcohol use and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Symptoms include a sore that doesn't heal, a lump or a white or red patch on the inside of the mouth.

Gamma Knife Radiosurgery

Gamma Knife Radiosurgery is a procedure that uses radiation to treat brain tumours and anomalies of the brain. Using specialized medical equipment, high number of radiation beams are passed exactly on the tumor in the brain. This is highly precise technique and causes negligible damage to tissues near the tumor. All the beams combine on the tumor and create a strong radiation, thereby destroying the tumor.

Lymphatic cancer (Lymphoma)

A cancer of the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system is the body's disease-fighting network. It includes the lymph nodes, spleen, thymus gland and bone marrow. The main types of lymphoma are Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Symptoms include enlarged lymph nodes, fatigue and weight loss. Treatment may involve chemotherapy, medication, radiation therapy and rarely stem-cell transplant.

Image Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT)

Image-guided radiation therapy is the process of frequent two and three-dimensional imaging, during a course of radiation treatment, used to direct radiation therapy utilizing the imaging coordinates of the actual radiation treatment plan.

Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT)

Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) uses linear accelerators to safely and painlessly deliver precise radiation doses to a tumor while minimizing the dose to surrounding normal tissue. Your radiation oncologist will speak with you to determine whether IMRT is the most appropriate treatment for you.

Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS)

Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a non-surgical radiation therapy used to treat functional abnormalities and small tumors of the brain. It can deliver precisely-targeted radiation in fewer high-dose treatments than traditional therapy, which can help preserve healthy tissue.

Pancreatic Cancer

The pancreas secretes enzymes that aid digestion and hormones that help regulate the metabolism of sugars. This type of cancer is often detected late, spreads rapidly and has a poor prognosis. There are no symptoms in the early stages. Later stages are associated with symptoms, but these can be non-specific, such as lack of appetite and weight loss. Treatment may include surgically removing the pancreas, radiation and chemotherapy.

Radiotherapy

Radiation therapy or radiotherapy, often abbreviated RT, RTx, or XRT, is therapy using ionizing radiation, generally as part of cancer treatment to control or kill malignant cells and normally delivered by a linear accelerator.

Bone Marrow Cancer (Multiple myeloma)

A cancer of plasma cells. The plasma cells are a type of white blood cell in the bone marrow. With this condition, a group of plasma cells becomes cancerous and multiplies. The disease can damage the bones, immune system, kidneys and red blood cell count. Symptoms may not be present or may be non-specific, such as loss of appetite, bone pain and fever. Treatments include medication, chemotherapy, corticosteroids, radiation or a stem-cell transplant.

Spinal Surgery 15 procedures

Artificial Disc Replacement

Sometimes also called total disc replacement or total disc arthroplasty. The procedure involves replacing a painful damaged disc with an artificial disc. The procedure can be performed on the neck (cervical spine) or lumbar spine (lower back). The procedure helps preserve motion in the intervertebral discs. It is performed in patients with damaged discs, e.g., due to disease or cervical disc herniation unresponsive to non-surgical management.

Cervical Disc Disease Treatment

The treatment of cervical disc diseases begins when your doctor takes a good history, carries out a physical examination and then order appropriate investigations. The investigations of choice of choice are CT, MRI, and X-rays that will help your doctor localize the problem. Based on this the doctor will decide whether to use the surgical or nonsurgical option. Non-surgical modalities include lifestyle modification, physiotherapy, and analgesia and heat therapy. Surgical option helps one heal fast and include cervical artificial disc replacement and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (available in India).

Laminectomy

This is a surgical procedure used to remove areas of the vertebral bones called lamina. Muscles of the back are pushed sideways during the procedure rather than cut and sections of the vertebra adjacent to the lamina left intact. It’s sometimes referred to as decompression surgery. It helps relieve purser on the spinal nerves and spinal cord. Commonly done to manage spinal stenosis.

Spine Surgery

This is a surgery done on the spine to treat back pain, or other damages are done on the spine by trauma or disease scoliosis, spinal stenosis, and disc herniation. It is recommended when conservative treatments are unsuccessful. It can either be done as an open or minimally invasive procedure. Common surgical approaches are lateral, posterior and anterior. Spinal surgical techniques included laminotomy, laminectomy, microdiscectomy, disc replacement, spinal fusion, and foraminotomy.

Corpectomy

This is a surgical operation that involves removing part or all a vertebral body usually as a mean of decompressing the nerves and spinal cord. It is sometimes performed in association with discectomy. It is commonly done in a patient with spinal stenosis due to osteophytes.

Kyphoplasty

This is a minimally invasive surgical procedure sued to treat the compression of the spine following a fracture. The spinal compression fractures usually occur majorly in spinal vertebral bones weakened by osteoporosis. It helps relieve pain and correct deformities.

Foraminotomy

This is a medical procedure done to relieve pressure applied to nerves that are being compressed by intervertebral foramina. Intervertebral foramina is a passage of the vertebral bone through which nerves bundles pass to the body from the spinal cord. It is performed via a minimally invasive operation where a cut is made in the back then the muscles pushed on to the sides to create a way. The surgeon will then drills a small hole in the vertebral bone.

Cervical Spondylosis Treatment

The management of this condition involves rehabilitative programs like occupational therapy, physical therapy, and recreational therapy. Surgery is advised when neurologic deficits progress, when there is documented spinal cord or cervical nerve root compression and when the pain becomes intractable.

Scoliosis Surgery

Scoliosis is a condition where ones spine bend LATERALLY (sideways). It arises commonly before pubertal growth spurts.it can be caused by muscular dystrophy, cerebral palsy or idiopathic. Surgical OPTIONS include scoliosis fusion surgery and anterior scoliosis corrective surgery (VBT).

Spinal Disc Herniation Treatment (slipped disc)

This condition can be managed medically or surgically. Pain is managed using NSAIDs and therapies like physical therapy, stretching and chiropractic techniques are useful. Medical procedures included epidural steroid injection and therapeutic ultrasound. Spine surgery is the definitive management.

Scoliosis Treatment

Scoliosis is a condition where ones spine bend LATERALLY (sideways). It arises commonly before pubertal growth spurts. It can be caused by muscular dystrophy, cerebral palsy or idiopathic. Surgery is the main modality of treatment. Surgical options include scoliosis fusion surgery and anterior scoliosis corrective surgery (VBT).

Spinal Fusion Surgery

Sometimes also called spondylosyndesis or spondylodesis. It is an operation done to stop motion in segments of the spine (thoracic, lumber or cervical) that are causing a patient pain. It helps to stabilizes and decompress the spine. The procedure involves the use of bone grafts which can either be allografts, autografts or artificial substitutes.

Nucleoplasty

This is a minimally invasive procedure (sometimes referred to as percutaneous discectomy) used to treat patient suffering from problem caused by herniated discs such as leg pain and low back pain. It is performed by an interventional radiologist.

Lumbar Microdiscectomy Surgery

A lumbar microdiscectomy surgery is performed to remove the portion of a herniated disc that is irritating or inflaming the nerve root. A microdiscectomy is performed through a small incision in the midline of the low back. First, the back muscles, called erector spinae, are lifted off the bony arch, called the lamina, of the spine. Since these back muscles run vertically, they can be moved out of the way rather than cut. The surgeon is then able to enter the spine by removing a membrane over the nerve roots. This membrane is called the ligamentum flavum. Often, a small portion of the inside facet joint is removed both to facilitate access to the nerve root and to relieve pressure over the nerve. The nerve root is then gently moved to the side and the disc material is removed from under the nerve root. Only the herniated portion of the disc is removed; the healthy portion of the disc is left intact. After the piece of the disc that is irritating or inflaming the nerve root has been removed, the pressure is off the nerve immediately and it has room to heal. A herniated disc pressing on a nerve root can cause severe leg pain. While it may take weeks or months for the nerve root to fully heal and any numbness or weakness to get better, patients normally feel relief from the leg pain almost immediately after a microdiscectomy.

Spinal Tumor Surgery

A spinal tumor is a growth that develops in or near the spinal cord or within the bones and discs of the spine. Spinal tumors may be cancerous (malignant) or noncancerous (benign). Spine tumors, both benign and malignant can cause significant disability when they occur in the spine.

Urology 16 procedures

Bladder Neck Incision (BNI)

This is a procedure done on men experiencing difficulty passing urine due to benign prostatic enlargement or urinary tract obstruction from a tight prostate. The patient usually presents with frequency, urgency, urine dribbling, hesitancy, poor urine stream and incomplete emptying of the balder. The operation helps relieve these symptoms of obstruction.

Prostatectomy

This is a surgical procedure that removes part or whole of the prostate gland. It is usually used in the treatment of benign prostatic enlargement (BPH), or prostate canacer.it can be performed in several ways. For prostate cancer, radical prostatectomy is recommended. The current technique for performing this include open radical prostatectomy (retropubic or transvesical), laparoscopic radical prostatectomy and robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. For benign enlarged prostate, simple prostatectomy is recommended. Newer techniques for managing BPH include transurethral resection of the prostate, transurethral laser-induced prostatectomy and Trans-urethral incision of the prostate. Noninvasive techniques include cryotherapy, laser therapy, thermal ablation and balloon dilation.

Pyeloplasty

This is a surgical revision or reconstruction procedure of renal pelvis to decompress or drain the kidneys.it is performed to manage ureteropelvic junction obstructions provided the residual renal function is still adequate. Congenital hydronephrosis is its most common presentation in pediatrics.

Circumcision

This is the removal of the penile foreskin. It is the most commonly performed procedure in the world. In it, the foreskin is opened. Then adhesions removed before being separated from the glans and cut. The penis is then sutured. A recent study indicated that it lowers one's risk of contracting HIV by60%.

Cystectomy

This is the surgical removal of part or whole (radical) of the urinary bladder. Sometimes the term is used to refer to the removal of the gallbladder or a cyst. This is commonly performed after a diagnosis of bladder cancer.

Erectile Dysfunction Treatment

Erectile Dysfunction is the inability of a man to keep or get an erection firm to have sexual intercourse. It is commonly described as important. The condition can be managed medically. 1st the patient has to be evaluated for a treatment plan is made, the plan may incorporate assistive devices like pumps or medications.

Bladder Stone Removal

This is a procedure done to remove renal stones that have formed in the bladder or pound their way into the bladder hence causing obstruction and pain. Various procedures are used to remove the stones, e.g., percutaneous suprapubic crystolitholapaxy and open cystostomy.

Cystoscopy

This is the endoscopic examination of the bladder. During the procedure, an endoscopic tube with a light and camera at the end is inserted into one's urethra, and into your bladder to visualize the inside of the bladder.

Kidney Stones Treatment

The treatment of renal stones included taking a lot of water to help pass these stones and use of painkiller to relive renal colonic pain. Drug used included NSAIDs, diuretics narcotics and urinary retention drugs. Medical procedures that can be done to remove the stones include laser lithotripsy, uteroscopic stone removal and extracorporeal shockwave therapy.

Prostate Biopsy

This is a procedure done to take a sample from the prostate for histological analysis. It is dome to detect or diagnose cancer of the prostate especially after blood PSA level; rises to the level of prostate cancer. There are several options that can be used to take the sample i.e. MRI-guided biopsy, ultrasound guided biopsy, Transrectal biopsy and transurethral biopsy.

TURP (Transurethral Resection of Prostate)

Transurethral Resection of Prostate is a surgery to remove the inside part of the prostate gland. It is done in order to treat symptoms of an enlarged prostate. The surgery takes about 1 hour. You will be given medicine before surgery so you don't feel pain. You may get general anesthesia in which you are asleep and pain-free or spinal anesthesia in which you are awake, but relaxed and pain-free. The surgeon will insert a scope through the tube that carries urine from your bladder out of the penis. This tube is called the urethra. A special cutting tool is placed through the scope. It is used to remove the inside part of your prostate gland using electricity.

Percutaneous nephrostolithotomy (PCNL - Kidney Stone Removal)

Percutaneous (through the skin) urinary procedures help drain urine from your bladder and get rid of kidney stones. A percutaneous nephrostomy is the placement of a small, flexible rubber tube (catheter) through your skin into your kidney to drain your urine. It is inserted through your back or flank. Percutaneous nephrostolithotomy (or nephrolithotomy) is the passing of a special medical instrument through your skin into your kidney. This is done to remove kidney stones.

Ureteroscopy (URS)

Ureteroscopy (URS) is a form of minimally invasive surgery using a small telescope that is passed through the urethra and into the ureter to remove a stone. Often the stone requires fragmentation with a laser which then allows the smaller fragments to removed with a grasping device.

Penile Implant

A penile prosthesis is another treatment option for men with erectile dysfunction (ED). These devices are either malleable or inflatable. The simplest type of prosthesis consists of a pair of malleable (bendable) rods surgically implanted within the erection chambers of the penis.

Radical Cystectomy

Radical cystectomy is the removal of the entire bladder, nearby lymph nodes (lymphadenectomy), part of the urethra, and nearby organs that may contain cancer cells. In men , the prostate, the seminal vesicles, and part of the vas deferens are also removed.

Radical prostatectomy

Radical prostatectomy is an operation to remove the prostate gland and tissues surrounding it. This usually includes the seminal vesicles and some nearby lymph nodes. Radical prostatectomy can cure prostate cancer in men whose cancer is limited to the prostate.

General Medicine 11 procedures

Hyperbaric Medicine

It is a treatment modality in which the ambient pressure gradient greater than the atmospheric sea pressure is used. It comprises therapeutic recompression (used to manage depression illnesses like air emboli) and hyperbaric oxygen therapy.

Medical Examination

This is the process by which physicians assess the body of a patient for sings disease. In medical practice, it is terms used commonly to refer to is included a clinical examination or physical examination. It is done after a comprehensive history of a patient has been taken. It thus helps in diagnosis and formulating the treatment plan.

Abdominal Examination

This is the physical examination of the abdomen to identify signs of disease; it is done in four stages, i.e., inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation.

Female Health Checkup

This is a gynecological procedure used to assess the female reproductive system. It involved a physical exam of the female perineum and possibly a specular exam, Apart from this various imaging and laboratory tests can be ordered to help the doctor make a proper conclusion.

General Medicine Consultation

This is a visit to a physician or general medical practitioner. The doctor will take the patient history and carry out a physical exam of all systems after which proper investigations are done and a treatment plan formulated.

Cryosurgery

This is the use of extremely cold temperatures (by liquid nitrogen) in surgery to destroy diseased or abnormal tissue, i.e., it is the use of cryoablation in surgery. It is commonly used to get rid of skin tags, Morton’s neuroma, small skin cancers, moles, and warts.

Deep Wound Treatment

A deep wound is one that cuts deeper than a quarter an inch beneath the skin surface. Due to their depth, this wound is likely to involve damage to tendons, major blood vessels, ligaments or internal organs. This can lead to both external and internal bleeding. These wounds require urgent treatment to avoid complications like shock. The bleeding has to be arrested, then cl4ned and properly dressed. Antibiotics and tetanus vaccine must be administered to the patient.

Vaccination

This is the administration of a vaccine to a person to stimulate their immune system thereby developing adaptive immunity against the target pathogen.

Male Health Checkup

This is a collection of tests and medical checks that are be performed on male person. It varies by age groups. They help detect and prevent health problem before they advance into serious health complications. The history of the man will be taken, them he will undergo a physical examination and finally some routine tests performed on him. The tests may include urinalysis, blood samples, stool samples, x-rays of some parts of the body etc.

Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia (HSP) Treatment

HSP is a group of inherited conditions whose primary feature is progressive gait disorder. It presents with contraction and spasticity of the lower limbs. Though the condition has no cure, it can be managed. Regular physical therapy is important to improve and maintain the muscle strength and range of movement.

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT)

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is a medical treatment which enhances the body's natural healing process by inhalation of 100% oxygen in a total body chamber, where atmospheric pressure is increased and controlled. It is used for a wide variety of treatments usually as a part of an overall medical care plan.

Neurology 10 procedures

Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency (CCSVI) Treatment

CCSVI is a term used to describe the compromise of blood flow in veins draining the CNS. Failure to treat the condition can, in the long run, predispose one to multiple sclerosis. It is commonly diagnosed using a Trans-cranial Doppler ultrasound, an MRI scan or Doppler sonography. It can be managed by a surgical procedure known as venous angioplasty where a surgeon will insert a balloon to keep veins open, clear a blockage & restore blood flow to spinal cord and brain.

Parkinson's Disease Treatment

The disease is only diagnosed after a proper history then physical and neurological exam. Imaging scans are not diagnostic by only help rule out other disorders. The disease is not curable but can be controlled using drugs like carbidopa-levodopa, dopamine, MAO-B inhibitors and, COMP inhibitors, anticholinergic and amantadine. When surgery is advisee, deep brain stimulation can be done.

Alzheimer's Disease Consultation

This is the evaluation of a patient suffering from dementia and symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. The doctor will assess the patient and prepares an appropriate treatment plan and inform the guardian on hoe w the patient should be cared for, the prognosis and booking future reviews.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Consultation

This is the evaluation of a patient who has ALS. The doctor will assess the patient and formulate an appropriate treatment plan and inform the guardian on hoe w the patient should be cared for, and advise on of follow up.

Neurological Rehabilitation

This is a physician-supervised program that is designed for patients with trauma, disorders or diseases of the nervous system. The program improves one's functions, reduce symptoms and greatly improve the overall well-being of a patient.

Dementia Management

Dementia is the overall term used to describe a range of clinical conditions that are associated with the decline in one’s memory or thinking skills to the extent that one is unable to perform his/her normal daily life activities. The treatment if Dementia depends on its cause. Once the cause is determined, the condition will improve once the cause is properly managed.

Epilepsy Treatment

Epilepsy is recurrent seizes in one’s brain. The management of epilepsy can be done by drugs, and sometimes devices, dietary changes or surgery. Anticonvulsants are the main stray of treatment. This is however influenced by the type of epilepsy, the age of patient, pregnancy or breastfeeding.

Migraine Treatment

This is a headache of that varies in intensity and is often accompanied by sound and light sensitivity and nausea. The condition can be managed by medications. The drugs can either be pain-relieving or preventive. Pain relieving medications included painkillers, triptans, ergots, anti-nausea drugs, opioids, and glucocorticoids. Preventative medications included cardiovascular drugs, antidepressants, anti-seizure drugs, painkillers, and Botox.

Neurology Consultation

This is an appointment with a neurologist (physician that has subspecialized in neurology) for treatment, diagnosis or management of disorders that affect the nervous system.

Trigeminal Neuralgia Treatment

Trigeminal Neuralgia is a chronic pain in the face arising from disorders that damage cranial nerve V i.e. trigeminal nerve. Treatment included injections (e.g. Botox injection and glycerol injection), medications (anticonvulsants, and antispasmodic agents) and surgery (microvasculer decompression, brain stereotactic radiosurgery). Other include balloon compression and radiofrequency thermal lesioning.

Nephrology 4 procedures

Kidney Transplant (Living Related Donor)

This is the transplant of a healthy kidney to patients with an end-stage renal disease or no functional kidneys. Kidneys are important because they remove wastes and toxins from the body apart from producing important hormones in the body. The kidney can be taken from a live donor or deceased donor. There recipient and donor can be genetically related or non-related depending on whether a biological relationship existed between them. India has very nice centers where this can be done successfully.

Nephrology Consultation

This is a hospital checkup and review by a qualified nephrologist. It involves patient assessment, treatment planning, diagnosis and interventions such as permanent catheter insertion. Patients with acute or chronic kidney disease will require a frequent check-up by a nephrologist. The doctor will also monitor patients undergoing dialysis.

Kidney Dialysis

This is a procedure done to manage patients with acute kidney injury or those with end-stage kidney disease. It is needed when one's kidneys are no longer able to meet the body’s needs. It performs normal kidney functions like the removal of wastes. There are two types of dialysis, i.e., peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis.

Kidney Transplant (ABO Incompatible transplant)

This is the transplant of a healthy kidney to patients with an end-stage renal disease or no functional kidneys. ABO-incompatible (ABOi) transplantation is a method of allocation in organ transplantation that permits more efficient use of available organs regardless of ABO blood type

Specialists

Specialists working with Medeor Hospital, Delhi

Dr. JK Bansal General Medicine

  • MBBS, MD - General Medicine
  • 33 years experience overall
  • Internal Medicine

Dr. M.P. Sharma Gastroenterology

  • MBBS, MD - General Medicine, DM - Gastroenterology
  • 54 years experience overall
  • Gastroenterologist , General Physician

Dr. Vandana Kent Paediatrics

  • MBBS, Diploma in Child Health (DCH)
  • 29 years experience overall

Dr. P K Dave Orthopedics

  • MS - Orthopaedics, MBBS, Orthopedist, Joint Replacement Surgeon
  • 59 Years Experience Overall (55 years as specialist)
  • Dr. P.K. Dave, Chairman of Department of Orthopaedics at Rockland Hospitals, retired from AIIMS in June, 2003 as Director

Dr. J C Suri Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine Sleep Medicine

  • Prof JC Suri is a pioneer of critical care and sleep medicine in India.
  • Worked at Safdarjung Hospital from 1984 to 2018, where he was instrumental in creating India’s first holistic Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Department

Dr. Vikram Kalra Nephrology

  • MD - Medicine, DM - Nephrology, MBBS, Nephrologist/Renal Specialist
  • 24 Years Experience Overall (17 years as specialist)
  • His expertise extends to the field of Clinical Nephrology, Dialysis, Renal Transplantation and Interventional Nephrology.
  • He has performed more than 450 kidney transplants including ABO incompatible, second and third kidney transplants.

Dr. Mandeep Singh Orthopedics

  • MBBS, Diploma in Orthopaedics, DNB - Orthopedics/Orthopedic Surgery, M.Ch - Orthopaedics Orthopedist, Spine Surgeon, Joint Replacement Surgeon
  • 20 Years Experience Overall (18 years as specialist)

Dr. Dhirendra Singh Kushwah Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT)

  • MBBS, MS - ENT / Otorhinolaryngologist
  • 15 Years Experience Overall (15 years as specialist)
  • Dr. Dhirendra Singh Kushwah is Head of ENT department Rockland Hospital and senior consultant at Saket City Hospital.
  • Routinely performs nasal endoscopic sinus surgery, skull base surgery, micro-ear surgery, surgery for snoring, surgery for voice and cosmetic surgery for a nose.

Dr. Asha Sharma Gynecology

  • MBBS, MD, DRCOG, FIAMS Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • 40 Years Experience Overall
  • Expertise with Gynae Problems, Infertility Treatment, In Vitro Fertilization (Test Tube Baby) Delivery, Intrauterine Insemination (Iui), Caesarean Section/ C-Section, Hysterectomy, Oophorectomy / Ovariectomy / Ovarian Ablation, Dilatation And Curettage, Tubectomy/Tubal Ligation, Vaginal Hysterectomy, Laparoscopic Surgery, Abortion, Endoscopy

Dr. S C Tiwari Nephrology

  • MBBS, MD (Medicine), DM (Nephrology), Fellowship in FAMS, FISN, FGSI, FIMSA
  • Sr. Consultant - Renal Sciences Medeor Hospital, Qutab
  • 35 Years Experience Overall (35 years as specialist)

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